TENSE IN IKWERE LANGUAGE
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study looks at tense in Ikwere language in Rivers State of the South-South of Nigeria. The primary purpose of this study is to explore into tense in the language; identify types of tense and the different makers that mark tense in the language. The intuitive knowledge of the researcher being a native competent speaker and the interviews of competent native speakers of the language were the instruments for the data collection. The study adopts Current generative grammar and X-bar as the appropriate theories to analyze the data collected. The study under tense was considered three major headings: the past, present and future tenses. The study reveals that the past tense is marked by the -rv suffix realized on the verb root. In Ikwere, the present tense is marked by zi, a low tone vowel. While the In Ikwere, the future tense is marked with the auxiliary verb ‘yà which has a CV syllable structure and a low tone. ‘yè’ and ‘yò’ are allomorphs of the morpheme ‘ yà’ which is conditioned by the vowel of the following verb. Also, the study reveals that in the language, there is a tripartite tense system; the present, past and future. The study later recommends works on other verbal categories to enhance the available literature in the language
A Historical Analysis of Governance and Insecurity in Contemporary Nigeria State, 1999 – 2022
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The study on a historical analysis of governance and insecurity in contemporary Nigeria state from 1999 to 2022 explains democratic administration within the period in relation to the nature of insecurity in our country. The work briefly evaluates the administrative policies of the regimes and maintained that the activities of armed groups still prevails without maximum confrontation from the government. As governance is considered as exercise of political powers to enhance the welfare of citizens insecurity on its own refers to an illegitimate act by persons or groups that threatens the peace and unity of the country in such manner that security of life and property are not guaranteed. Marxist approach applied in the study is an expression of how the economic and political exploitation of those in authority arouse confrontations of the lower class against the leaders through the use of arms. Hence insecurity in the context of study centred on the activities of Boko Haram and the armed bandits in northern Nigeria, a brief discuss on their origin, nature of attacks and its impact on the socio-economic development of Nigeria were highlighted. Nevertheless, insecurity as a serious challenge in Nigeria nation requires a collaborative effort with utmost sincerity to end the menace.
Keywords: Governance, Insecurity, Nigeria and Development
